Molten chloride of a metal X is electrolysed using graphite electrodes P (connected to the negative terminal) and Q.

1. aWhat is electrolysis? [1]
2. bWhich electrode is the cathode, P or Q? Give a reason for your choice. [1]
3. cChlorine is formed at one of the electrodes. State an observation that would be made at that electrode and write the equation for the formation of chlorine. [2]
4. dExplain why this electrolysis should be carried out in a fume cupboard. [1]

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